1. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/spinal-manipulation-what-you-need-to-know

    • “A technique where practitioners use their hands or a device to apply a controlled thrust (that is, a force of a specific magnitude or degree in a specific direction) to a joint of your spine. The amount of force can vary, but the thrust moves the joint more than it would on its own.”

  2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chiropractic-adjustment/about/pac-20393513

    • “The goal of this procedure, also known as spinal manipulation, is to improve spinal motion and improve your body's physical function.”

  3. https://www.verywellhealth.com/is-chiropractic-adjustment-safe-4588279

    • “Chiropractic care aims to address the entire body, including a person’s ability to move, perform, and even think.”

  4. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0215/p248.html

    • “Spinal manipulative therapy may provide short-term improvement in patients with acute or chronic low back pain, comparable with other standard treatments.”

  5.  https://www.bmj.com/content/364/bmj.l689 

    • “SMT produces similar effects to recommended therapies for chronic low back pain, whereas SMT seems to be better than non-recommended interventions for improvement in function in the short term.”

  6.  https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpts/26/8/26_jpts-2014-026/_article 

    • “Manual therapy using joint mobilization techniques and flexion-distraction techniques is considered an effective intervention for addressing low back pain and disc heights in patients with chronic low back pain.”

  7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775050/

    • “MT initiates a cascade of neurophysiological responses from the peripheral and central nervous system which are then responsible for the clinical outcomes.”

  8. https://www.spine-health.com/treatment/chiropractic/activator-method-chiropractic-technique 

    • “The Activator Method is usually considered safe and is used by chiropractors to treat neck and back pain of spinal origin, as well as pain in the extremities.”

  9.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780950/ 

    • “There is growing evidence that stimulation of joint mechanoreceptors such as that which occurs during SMT alters paraspinal muscle reflexes and motoneuron excitability.”

  10.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841070/ 

    • “Spinal manipulation/mobilization is effective in adults for: acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain; migraine and cervicogenic headache; cervicogenic dizziness”